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An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) rates a property's energy efficiency from A (most efficient) to G (least). In 2026, an EPC is required when a property is built, sold, or rented. The certificate is valid for 10 years. Costs vary, but typical fees range from £60 to £120.
An EPC rates a property's energy efficiency from A to G, is required for sales and rentals, and costs between £60 and £120.
KEY FACTS
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LAST REVIEWED 2026-09-06
What is an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) and why do I need one?
An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) provides a rating of a property's energy efficiency, from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient). It includes estimated energy costs and recommendations for improvement. In the UK, an EPC is legally required when a property is built, sold, or rented. The certificate is valid for 10 years.
The EPC is produced by an accredited domestic energy assessor who inspects the property. The assessor looks at factors such as insulation, heating systems, and windows. The certificate gives a current rating and a potential rating if recommended improvements are made.
For landlords, an EPC is essential because since 2020, it has been unlawful to let a property with an EPC rating below E. This rule applies to new tenancies and renewals. From 2026, the minimum standard is proposed to rise to C for new tenancies, though this is not yet confirmed.
When selling a home, the seller must provide an EPC to potential buyers. Estate agents must include the EPC rating in property listings. Without a valid EPC, a property cannot be legally marketed for sale or rent.
EPC Rating Scale UK: What does each grade mean?
The EPC rating scale runs from A to G, with A being the most energy efficient and G the least. Each rating corresponds to a band of energy efficiency scores. For example, a typical new build might achieve a B rating, while an older property with poor insulation might be a D or E.
The rating is calculated using a Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) which considers the property's features. The assessor inputs data such as wall type, loft insulation, boiler efficiency, and lighting.
In practice, most UK homes fall between D and E. According to government statistics, the average EPC rating in England is D. Improving your rating can reduce energy bills and carbon emissions. The EPC also includes recommendations for cost-effective improvements, such as adding loft insulation or upgrading heating controls.
Understanding the scale helps homeowners and tenants compare properties. A higher rating often means lower energy bills. For landlords, meeting the minimum E rating is a legal requirement, and future proposals may require C by 2026 for new tenancies.
| Cap period | Typical dual fuel, Direct Debit | Change | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul to Sep 2026 | £1,663 | Ofgem | |
| Oct to Dec 2026 | £1,723 | 4% | Ofgem |
| From 1 Jan 2027 | to be announced late November 2026 | Ofgem |
EPC Requirements UK 2026: What are the legal rules?
In 2026, the legal requirements for EPCs in the UK remain: an EPC is required when a property is built, sold, or rented. For rented properties, the minimum rating is E. This applies to both new and existing tenancies. The EPC must be valid, meaning it is no more than 10 years old.
For landlords, failing to have a valid EPC can result in a fine. Additionally, from 2026, there are proposals to increase the minimum standard to C for new tenancies. However, this change is not yet confirmed and may be subject to consultation.
Homeowners selling their property must provide an EPC to the buyer. Estate agents must include the EPC rating in property listings. If a property is marketed without a valid EPC, the agent can be fined.
It is important to check the current rules before listing a property. The government has announced plans to tighten energy efficiency standards, but as of 2026, the E rating remains the legal minimum for rentals. Always verify the latest guidance from official sources.
How to get an EPC in 2026: process and costs
To get an EPC, you need to book an assessment with an accredited domestic energy assessor. The assessor will visit the property, take measurements, and inspect features such as insulation, heating, and windows. After the assessment, you receive the EPC within a few days.
The cost of an EPC varies depending on the property size and location. It is advisable to compare quotes from several assessors. Some estate agents offer EPCs as part of their service, but you are not obliged to use them.
When booking, ensure the assessor is accredited by a recognised scheme, such as Elmhurst Energy or Stroma. The EPC is registered on the national database, and you can find it online using the report reference number.
If you are a landlord, you must provide a copy of the EPC to tenants. For sales, the EPC must be included in the property particulars. Remember, an EPC is valid for 10 years, but if you make significant improvements, you may want to get a new one to reflect the higher rating.
How to improve your EPC rating: cost vs impact
Improving your EPC rating can reduce energy bills and increase property value. The EPC report includes recommendations with estimated costs and potential savings. Common improvements include loft insulation, cavity wall insulation, and upgrading to a more efficient boiler.
Loft insulation is one of the most cost-effective measures. These measures can improve your rating by one or two bands.
When considering improvements, weigh the upfront cost against long-term savings. Some measures, like insulation, have a payback period of a few years. Others, like solar panels, may take longer but add value to the property. Always check for government grants or schemes that can offset costs.
What is the proposed 2026 EPC C rule for landlords?
The UK government has proposed that from 2026, all new tenancies must have an EPC rating of C or above. This is part of efforts to improve the energy efficiency of the housing stock. However, as of now, this proposal has not been confirmed and may be subject to change.
If implemented, landlords would need to upgrade their properties to meet the C standard. This could involve installing insulation, upgrading heating systems, or improving windows. The cost of such improvements can be significant, but grants and loans may be available.
Landlords should monitor official announcements for updates. The proposal is part of the government's net zero strategy. Currently, the minimum rating for rentals is E, which has been in place since 2020. The proposed change would affect many older properties that currently have D or E ratings.
It is advisable to start planning improvements now. Even if the rule is delayed, improving energy efficiency can reduce void periods and attract tenants. For the latest information, consult the government's website or professional bodies.
| Fuel | Average standing charge (Oct to Dec 2026) | VAT / share | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity | 54.8p per day | 0% VAT to 31 Mar 2027 | Commons Library |
| Gas | 29.7p per day | 5% VAT | Commons Library |
| Dual fuel | 84.5p per day | 18% of a typical bill | Commons Library |
Energy price cap 2026: how does it affect your EPC?
The energy price cap limits the amount suppliers can charge for default tariffs. In 2026, the cap for a typical dual fuel household is £1,663 from July to September, and £1,723 from October to December. These figures are based on typical consumption of 2,500 kWh electricity and 9,500 kWh gas.
Your EPC rating directly influences your energy bills. A higher rating means better insulation and more efficient heating, leading to lower consumption.
The price cap is set by Ofgem and reviewed quarterly. From January 2027, the cap will be announced in late November 2026. Standing charges are also part of the cap: for electricity, the average standing charge is 54.8p per day, and for gas, it is 29.7p per day. These charges are included in your bill regardless of usage.
Improving your EPC rating can reduce your energy consumption and protect you from price increases. The EPC report provides tailored recommendations to help you achieve this.
EPC and energy bills: what is the link?
Your EPC rating is a strong indicator of your energy bills. A property with a higher rating uses less energy for heating and lighting, resulting in lower costs.
The EPC report estimates the energy costs for the property based on standard usage. It also shows the potential costs if recommended improvements are made. This helps you understand the financial benefits of upgrading.
Energy prices have risen in recent years. The price cap for a typical dual fuel household is £1,663 from July to September 2026, and £1,723 from October to December. These figures are based on typical consumption of 2,500 kWh electricity and 9,500 kWh gas.
By improving your EPC rating, you can reduce your energy consumption and lower your bills. Simple measures like insulation and draught-proofing can make a significant difference. The EPC report provides a roadmap for cost-effective improvements.
EPC for tenants: what are your rights?
As a tenant, you have the right to know the EPC rating of your rental property before you sign a tenancy agreement. Landlords must provide a copy of the EPC. The rating affects your energy bills, so it is important to consider it when choosing a home.
Since 2020, landlords must ensure their property has an EPC rating of E or above. If the property is below E, it is illegal to let it. You can request the EPC from the landlord or letting agent. If they fail to provide it, you can report them to the local authority.
From 2026, there are proposals to raise the minimum to C for new tenancies. This would mean better energy efficiency and lower bills for tenants. However, this is not yet confirmed.
If you are concerned about the energy efficiency of your rental, you can ask the landlord about improvements. Some landlords may be willing to make upgrades. For more information, see the guide on tenant energy rights.
EPC for first-time buyers: what to look for
When buying your first home, the EPC rating is a key factor to consider. A higher rating means lower energy bills and a more comfortable living environment. The EPC is included in the property listing, so you can compare ratings before viewing.
Typical EPC ratings for new builds are B or above. Older homes may have lower ratings, but they can be improved. The EPC report lists recommended improvements with estimated costs and savings. This helps you budget for upgrades.
Energy bills are a significant ongoing cost. With the price cap at £1,663 for a typical household from July to September 2026, a more efficient home can save you hundreds of pounds each year.
When viewing properties, ask for the EPC and review the recommendations. Consider the cost of improvements when making an offer. A property with a lower rating may be cheaper to buy but could cost more in the long run.
Glossary: the terms on an energy bill explained
EPC: Energy Performance Certificate: a document that rates a property's energy efficiency from A to G.
SAP: Standard Assessment Procedure: the methodology used to calculate an EPC rating.
Price cap: The maximum amount energy suppliers can charge per unit of energy on default tariffs.
Standing charge: A fixed daily fee that covers the cost of connecting to the energy supply.
TDCV: Typical Domestic Consumption Values: standard estimates of energy usage for a typical household.
Net zero: The goal of balancing greenhouse gas emissions produced and removed from the atmosphere.
Disclaimer. This guide is editorial information drawn from primary sources. It is not financial, legal or tax advice and does not recommend any provider. Figures are those published by the named sources on the review date and may change. Kael Tripton Ltd receives no commission, referral fee or lead payment from any provider named on this page. |
Frequently asked questions
What is an EPC and why is it required?
An EPC rates a property's energy efficiency from A to G. It is required when a property is built, sold, or rented. The certificate provides information on energy costs and recommendations for improvement. It is valid for 10 years.
What is the minimum EPC rating for rental properties?
Since 2020, the minimum EPC rating for rental properties is E. This applies to new and existing tenancies. From 2026, there are proposals to raise this to C for new tenancies, but this is not yet confirmed.
How long is an EPC valid?
An EPC is valid for 10 years. After that, a new certificate must be obtained. If significant improvements are made, it may be beneficial to get a new EPC to reflect the higher rating.
Can I sell the house without an EPC?
No, it is illegal to market a property for sale without a valid EPC. The seller must provide an EPC to potential buyers. Estate agents must include the EPC rating in property listings.
What are the energy price cap rates for 2026?
The price cap for a typical dual fuel household is £1,663 from July to September 2026, and £1,723 from October to December. Standing charges are 54.8p per day for electricity and 29.7p per day for gas.
