TL;DR
Heatwaves typically coincide with peak grass pollen season in the UK, pushing the daily count to very high levels. The Met Office pollen forecast and NHS hay fever guidance cover symptom management, antihistamines, nasal sprays and when to see a GP.
Heatwaves typically coincide with peak UK grass pollen season, pushing the daily pollen count to very high levels and affecting an estimated 13 million hay fever sufferers across the country. The Met Office pollen forecast and NHS hay fever guidance cover symptom management, antihistamines, nasal sprays and when professional help is needed.
How pollen counts work
The Met Office publishes a daily pollen forecast for each UK region during the season, which runs from late March to mid-September. Counts are classified as low, moderate, high or very high, based on grains per cubic metre of air.
Three main types of pollen drive UK hay fever: tree pollen in spring, grass pollen in early summer and weed pollen in late summer. Grass pollen affects the most sufferers, with peak season usually late May into July.
Why heatwaves push counts up
Warm, dry weather causes plants to release more pollen and prevents rain from washing it out of the air. Wind disperses pollen across wide areas. The combination of heat, sun and gentle breezes is the worst for hay fever sufferers.
Thunderstorms can cause spikes in pollen by breaking grains into smaller, easier-to-inhale fragments. Thunderstorm asthma episodes are documented during the transition from heatwave to storm.
Managing symptoms at home
NHS guidance suggests applying petroleum jelly around the nostrils to trap pollen, wearing wraparound sunglasses to protect the eyes, changing clothes after coming indoors, and showering before bed to remove pollen from skin and hair.
Keep windows closed during the day in pollen season and ventilate at night when counts are lower. Wash bedding regularly during the season because pollen accumulates on fabrics.
Antihistamines and nasal sprays
Over-the-counter antihistamines, including cetirizine, loratadine and fexofenadine, are effective for most hay fever sufferers. Non-drowsy formulations are usually preferred during the day.
Steroid nasal sprays such as beclometasone and fluticasone, available without prescription, can help with congestion and post-nasal drip. They work best when used regularly during the season rather than as needed.
When to see a GP
GP advice is recommended if over-the-counter treatments do not control symptoms, if symptoms include wheezing, chest tightness or shortness of breath, or if hay fever significantly interferes with sleep, school or work.
Severe hay fever can trigger asthma in susceptible people. Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation publish guidance on managing asthma during high pollen periods.
Key facts
- Around 13 million UK hay fever sufferers.
- Met Office pollen forecast covers each region.
- Grass pollen peak runs late May to July.
- Antihistamines and steroid nasal sprays available without prescription.
- Thunderstorms can spike asthma risk.
FAQ
Why does hay fever feel worse in a heatwave?
Warm, dry weather causes plants to release more pollen and prevents rain from washing it out of the air. Wind disperses pollen across wide areas. The combination is worst for sufferers during late May to July grass pollen peak.
Which antihistamine is best for hay fever?
Cetirizine, loratadine and fexofenadine are common over-the-counter options. Non-drowsy formulations are usually preferred during the day. A pharmacist can advise on the right choice.
Can hay fever trigger asthma?
Yes, in susceptible people. Severe pollen episodes, particularly during thunderstorm asthma events, can trigger asthma attacks. The British Lung Foundation publishes guidance on managing asthma during high pollen periods.
When should I see a GP about hay fever?
If over-the-counter treatments do not control symptoms, if breathing becomes affected, or if hay fever significantly interferes with sleep, school or work. NHS 111 can advise out-of-hours.
