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UK zero-hours contracts have no guaranteed minimum hours. Section 27A ERA 1996 prohibits exclusivity clauses. Workers (most ZHC) have statutory rights including minimum wage and holiday. Predictable terms rights from 2024. This guide covers the framework.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min readThe UK trading allowance gives GBP 1,000 of self-employed income free of tax and the need to register. This guide covers what counts as trading income, when to use the allowance versus actual expenses, and the property allowance.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min read
UK residents pay income tax, National Insurance, and capital gains tax on worldwide income, with allowances and bands set annually by HMRC. This guide maps the main taxes, the 2026/27 thresholds, and where each rule sits in statute, with worked examples at three income levels.
7 Jul 2026 · 13 min read
UK Self-Assessment online returns are due 31 January following the tax year end. Late filing penalties start at GBP 100 and rise sharply at three, six and twelve months. This guide covers each deadline, the Schedule 55 penalty regime and how to appeal.
7 Jul 2026 · 7 min readUK tax refunds arise from emergency tax codes, multiple jobs, leaving employment mid-year, pension drawdown, or work-related expense claims. This guide covers the main routes: PAYE auto-refund, P50, P55, Self-Assessment, and the four-year backdating window.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min read
UK landlords pay income tax on rental profit after allowable expenses, with mortgage interest restricted to a 20% basic-rate tax credit. This guide covers calculation, the property allowance, finance cost relief, and reporting on Self-Assessment.
7 Jul 2026 · 8 min read
UK investment income falls into three regimes: dividends, savings interest, and capital gains. Each has its own allowance and rates. This guide covers the 2026/27 figures, how the allowances stack, and how ISAs sit outside the framework.
7 Jul 2026 · 8 min read
HMRC treats cryptoassets held by individuals as chargeable for capital gains tax, with income tax applying to mining, staking and airdrops in defined cases. This guide covers pooling, the 30-day rule, reporting thresholds and worked examples.
7 Jul 2026 · 8 min read
UK tax codes combine numbers (allowance / 10) and letters (category). L is standard, M and N are for Marriage Allowance, BR for basic rate only, K for negative allowance. Prefixes S and C indicate Scottish and Welsh taxpayer status. This guide decodes each.
7 Jul 2026 · 7 min readUK sole traders pay income tax and Class 4 NI on profits; limited companies pay corporation tax and directors extract through salary and dividends. This guide compares the tax position, administration, liability and the crossover point for incorporation.
16 Jun 2026 · 10 min readUK sole traders can deduct expenses incurred wholly and exclusively for business purposes under section 34 ITTOIA 2005. This guide covers the main categories: travel, premises, equipment, professional services, marketing, and the simplified expenses option.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min readUK side hustle income above the GBP 1,000 trading allowance must be declared on Self-Assessment. Online platforms report to HMRC from January 2024. This guide covers when to register, common side hustles, and the tax treatment.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min readUK Statutory Sick Pay is GBP 116.75/week (2024/25) for up to 28 weeks after 4 qualifying days of incapacity. Paid by the employer through PAYE. This guide covers eligibility, the qualifying days, and enhanced employer sick pay.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min readUK self-employed do not get employee rights: no Statutory Sick Pay, no Statutory Maternity Pay (Maternity Allowance is the alternative), no paid holiday, no pension auto-enrolment, no unfair dismissal protection. This guide lists what is lost and the alternatives.
16 Jun 2026 · 6 min readUK self-employed have no workplace pension; the routes are SIPP, personal pension, or stakeholder pension. Tax relief at marginal rate applies. Annual allowance GBP 60,000. This guide covers the choices and the State Pension layer.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min readUK Self-Assessment payments on account are pre-payments of next year's tax, 50% each on 31 January and 31 July, applying where prior bill exceeded GBP 1,000 and less than 80% was collected at source. This guide covers calculation, reduction, and managing cash flow.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min read
UK self-employed pay Class 4 NI at 6%/2% on profits and (voluntarily since April 2024) Class 2 at GBP 3.45/week to build State Pension credits. This guide covers the rates, thresholds, and voluntary contributions.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min readUK self-employed mortgages typically require 2-3 years of SA302s. Some specialist lenders accept 1 year of accounts for newly self-employed. This guide covers what lenders look for, the documents required, and how contractors and seasonal workers approach the application.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min readUK self-employed mothers can claim Maternity Allowance at GBP 184.03/week (2024/25) for up to 39 weeks. Eligibility: 26 weeks of self-employment in the 66 weeks before the baby's due date. This guide covers eligibility, claim process, and tax treatment.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min readUK self-employed sole traders register with HMRC by 5 October following the tax year of starting, file Self-Assessment, pay Class 4 NI at 6%/2%, and follow CIS or VAT rules where applicable. MTD ITSA from April 2026 changes the filing rhythm. This guide covers each step.
16 Jun 2026 · 10 min readUK Construction Industry Scheme deducts tax from payments to subcontractors: 20% for verified, 30% for unverified, 0% for gross-payment status. Deductions offset against year-end tax. This guide covers registration, verification, and the gross payment route.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min read
UK Self-Assessment is the system for declaring untaxed income, capital gains and other items to HMRC. Online filing due 31 January following the tax year. This guide walks through registration, the SA forms, supplementary pages, payments on account, and penalty avoidance.
7 Jul 2026 · 9 min read
UK take-home pay is gross salary less income tax, National Insurance, pension, student loan and other deductions. This guide walks through each deduction with formulas, three worked examples, and the order in which payroll software applies them.
16 Jun 2026 · 10 min readUK probation periods are contractual not statutory. Typical 3-6 months. Statutory employment rights apply from day one. Unfair dismissal protection from 2 years' service. This guide covers what's protected, what's at risk, and how to navigate probation.
16 Jun 2026 · 6 min read
The HMRC Personal Tax Account is the central digital service for UK residents to view tax codes, NI records, refunds, and Marriage Allowance. This guide walks through registration, the main features, and the GOV.UK One Login transition.
7 Jul 2026 · 8 min readUK auto-enrolment under the Pensions Act 2008 requires employers to enrol eligible employees in a workplace pension with 8% total contribution (3% employer / 5% employee inc tax relief). This guide covers eligibility, opting out, fund choice, and the long-term benefit.
16 Jun 2026 · 9 min readA UK payslip lists every deduction from gross pay to net pay. This guide walks through each common line: PAYE, NI, pension, student loan, salary sacrifice. Statutory requirements under section 8 Employment Rights Act 1996.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min readA UK payslip lists every deduction from gross to net pay. This guide explains each common line: PAYE, NI, pension, student loan, court orders, salary sacrifice, and benefits. Includes year-to-date columns and what to query.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min readPAYE is the system HMRC uses to collect income tax and NI from employed earnings at source. Employers calculate and deduct each pay period using tax codes, then remit to HMRC monthly. This guide covers RTI, tax codes, and end-of-year reconciliation.
16 Jun 2026 · 7 min readP45 records pay and tax when leaving a job. P60 is the end-of-year summary. P11D reports taxable benefits in kind. This guide covers what each form shows, the deadlines, and how to use them for applications and claims.
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